Visual Sciences is the core Research Pillar of CYENS. Visual Sciences include a variety of disciplines typically dealing with 2D images, 3D images, 3D models and 3D environments. Although the name of this pillar refers to Visual Sciences, which typically include Virtual & Augmented Reality, Computer Vision, Computer Graphics and Imaging, on many occasions, visual data is treated in combination with other modalities such as sound, text, speech and tactile, hence work in this pillar relates also to multimodal data manipulation.